What are Mangroves?  

Mangroves consists of trees or shrubs that grow in coastal intertidal zones. There are approximately 80 species of mangrove species around the world.

One striking feature of mangroves is that they have a complex root system, which is often submerged in water. However, the roots are able to prop themselves above water level to absorb oxygen that the tree needs. Mangroves have adapted to living in harsh conditions: hot, muddy, salty and oxygen-poor soil. 

How do mangroves grow? 

Just like other plants, mangroves need sunlight to conduct photosynthesis. The seeds of mangroves germinate while they are attached to the parent tree, to form seedlings.

These seedlings then form buoyant propagules, which will float around until it lodges itself into soil and grows into a tree. Mangroves typically grow away from the parent tree to avoid competition.

Why are mangroves important?  

Mangroves are known to reduce 60% of wave energy through their roots, trunks and canopy, protecting coastal areas and potentially saving the lives of those residing near coastal areas.

Mangroves are also a home and sanctuary to more than 1,500 plant and animal species, while also being a source of livelihood to about 120 million people who live near them. Both mangrove trees and the soil beneath them are excellent at storing carbon: 163 grams per square meter per year!  

What is happening to mangroves?  

To date, about 20% of mangroves worldwide have already disappeared.

They face many global threats such as storms, as well as rising sea levels and water temperature due to climate change. Locally, mangroves face possible destruction when they are cleared to make way for coastal development and tourism activities.

Land-based pollution such as chemicals, sewage, oils and nutrients from agriculture will negatively impact water quality which mangroves live in. Mangrove trees are also harvested for products such as timber, fuelwood, medicine, tannins and dyes.   

What can we do to protect mangroves?  

Reef Check Malaysia has shifted our focus from coral reefs to include mangroves and seagrass as we believe these marine ecosystems are connected to one another. Therefore, we believe that mangroves should be included in Marine Protected Areas (MPAs).

On a national scale, we can work towards reducing pollution and improving waste management, while cutting down plastic waste through reduced consumption.

As individuals, we can play our part by participating in mangrove clean-ups or volunteering our time and energy towards local mangrove restoration projects. We can also stay informed about mangroves and spread awareness to others about it.